Pas de sucre, merci ! L’anthropologie du tabac et les vertus de la conceptualisation contingente
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.61.1.03Keywords:
Fernando Ortiz, contrepoint, tournant ontologique, conceptualisation, contingence, morphologieAbstract
Reprenant l’opposition ethnologique opérée par Fernando Ortiz, dans Cuban Counterpoint, entre universalité du sucre et particularité du tabac, cet article affirme que la pratique anthropologique s’apparente davantage à cette dernière. L’investissement des particularités ethnographiques constitutif de l’anthropologie fait de celle-ci la « science du contingent » par excellence, à savoir une science intrinsèquement antinomique avec les nécessités et généralisations de toutes sortes. En référence aux travaux récents sur le « tournant ontologique » en anthropologie, je soutiens que cet investissement consiste avant tout en une tentative de transformer des matériaux ethnographiques contingents en conceptualisations tout aussi contingentes. Or, une telle procédure n’est pas de nature contrapuntique. En effet, la relation entre l’ethnographie et sa conceptualisation n’est pas, contrairement au contrepoint, symétrique sur l’axe horizontal. Par opposition au contrepoint, donc, c’est la différence fondamentale de nature entre les réalités ethnographiques et les concepts qu’elles génèrent qui fait l’intérêt de leur relation dans l’analyse anthropologique.
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