The Medicalization of Workplace Sexual Violence on Canadian University Campuses in the #MeToo Era
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth-2020-0007Mots-clés :
violence sexuelle, médicalisation, #MeToo, plainte, universités canadiennes, harcèlement sexuel au travailRésumé
Le mouvement #MeToo a rencontré des obstacles institutionnels à la lutte concrète contre la violence sexuelle au travail. Les obstacles structurels au signalement du harcèlement sexuel au travail dans les universités canadiennes persistent du fait des politiques en matière de violence sexuelle qui réduisent, en pratique, la violence sexuelle aux agressions physiques. L’accent mis par les institutions sur les formes physiques de violence sexuelle peut être considéré comme le produit d’une médicalisation qui permet de conceptualiser la violence sexuelle comme étant limitée à l’agression du corps proprement dit. En minimisant les formes de violence sexuelle qui n’impliquent pas de contact physique – tels le harcèlement sexuel et la traque – mais qui ont des impacts significatifs sur la vie des survivantes, cela limite effectivement les réponses juridiques, pénales et médicales qui peuvent leur être apportées. A cet égard, les politiques de lutte contre la violence sexuelle au travail mettent l’accent sur les agressions physiques, et réduisent effectivement, en pratique, l’étendue du continuum de la violence sexuelle, renforçant ainsi les obstacles qui empêchent de signaler le harcèlement au travail, d’enquêter sur ce dernier et d’y remédier. Cet article examine les effets pratiques de la médicalisation de la violence sexuelle à travers une enquête ethnographique sur le signalement du harcèlement au travail.
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