Vaccins imparfaits : Un problème épineux dans le développement accéléré des vaccins

Janice Graham; Koen Peeters Grietens

doi:10.18357/anthropologica66120242719

Auteurs-es

Janice Graham Dalhousie University
Koen Peeters Grietens Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18357/anthropologica66120242719

Mots-clés :

développement des vaccins, logique des vaccins, acceptation des vaccins, hésitation, confiance du public, réglementation, sécurité, efficacité, paludisme

Résumé

Si aucun vaccin ne peut offrir une protection totale, un haut niveau de réglementation en matière de sécurité, d’efficacité et de qualité est fondamental pour la confiance du public et l’adoption des vaccins en tant qu’outils essentiels de la santé publique mondiale. Cet article traite d’une préoccupation croissante au sujet des vaccins sous-optimaux « imparfaits » qui menacent les interventions d’urgence en cas de pandémie, ainsi que les programmes de santé publique habituel. Des normes réglementaires souples permettent aujourd’hui d’approuver plus rapidement des vaccins et des produits thérapeutiques dont l’efficacité n’est peut-être pas optimale. Des normes réglementaires flexibles permettent aujourd’hui d’approuver plus rapidement des vaccins et des produits thérapeutiques dont l’efficacité pourrait être sous-optimale. Les compromis entre les avantages et les inconvénients qui jouent un rôle considérable dans l’évaluation réglementaire, et à tous les stades du développement et de l’administration des vaccins, méritent d’être mieux connus du public, d’être plus transparents et de faire l’objet d’une plus grande responsabilisation. En nous basant sur le cas du premier vaccin antipaludique homologué, le RTS,S Mosquirix™, et à la lumière de l’approbation rapide des vaccins contre la COVID-19, nous examinons les implications socio-techniques des vaccins imparfaits dans les logiques vaccinales mondiales et suggérons des possibilités de renforcement de la légitimité pour informer la prochaine génération de la politique réglementaire en matière de technologie.

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