What Counts as Global Health?
The Case of Clandestine Abortion Access Activist Networks
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18357/anthropologica66120242688Mots-clés :
avortement médicamenteux , santé mondiale , santé maternelle mondiale , activisme pharmaceutique , santé sexuelles et droits , santé reproductive et droits , avortement à risque, Women on WavesRésumé
L’accès à l’avortement en toute sécurité est un aspect essentiel de la justice en matière de procréation et une clef pour réduire les taux mondiaux de mortalité maternelle. Pourtant, au sein de l’entreprise mondiale de la santé, la rhétorique de la santé et des droits sexuels et reproductifs ne s’est pas encore concrétisée dans la pratique. L’accès à un avortement légal et sécuritaire reste inégal à l’échelle mondiale et au sein des nations, et les décès dus à des avortements pratiqués dans des conditions dangereuses sont plus nombreux dans les pays du Sud, dans des juridictions ayant des lois restrictives. Des réseaux clandestins de militants pour l’accès à l’avortement comblent cette lacune depuis des décennies en offrant la vie, la dignité et l’avenir aux personnes qui font appel à leurs services. Que devons-nous penser des réseaux militants clandestins qui, dans le monde entier, aident les gens à accéder à l’avortement médicamenteux? Depuis des décennies, ces groupes jouent un rôle important dans la santé reproductive des femmes dans de nombreux pays, mais ils sont généralement passés inaperçus, volontairement et intentionnellement. Si la visibilité, la responsabilité et la vocation humanitaire sont des caractéristiques essentielles au domanine de la santé mondiale, comment reconnaître et comprendre le travail des réseaux clandestins de militants pour l’accès à l’avortement? S’agit-il d’un travail de santé mondiale? Dans cet essai, je reprends la notion de « critique en action» (Biehl 2016) pour mieux comprendre le travail de ces réseaux et je considère également l’idée des réseaux militants pour l’accès à l’avortement comme un anti-régime de santé mondiale.
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