“Let’s say it wears an Ebola Coat, but it’s not Ebola”: The Rhetoric and Politics of Reframing a Vaccine for a Transnational Clinical Trial

Oumy Thiongane; Issiaka Bamba; Hélène N Sawadogo; Pierre-Marie David; Benjamin Mathiot; Janice E Graham

doi:10.18357/anthropologica66120242643

Auteurs-es

Oumy Thiongane CIRAD, ASTRE (Animals Health Territories Risks and Ecosystems), Research associate Dalhousie University
Issiaka Bamba Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Hélène N Sawadogo Department of Sociology, Joseph KI Zerbo University of Ouagadougou, Laboratoire Groupe de Recherche sur les Initiatives Locales (GRIL), Burkina Faso
Pierre-Marie David Faculté́ de Pharmacie, University of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐Ville, Montreal H3C 3J7, Canada. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7441-0633
Benjamin Mathiot Department of anthropology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Lionel‐Groulx C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre‐Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9954-4150
Janice E Graham Technoscience Regulation and Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-8122

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18357/anthropologica66120242643

Mots-clés :

fabrique du consentement, engagement communautaire, essai vaccinal, Ebola, VIH

Résumé

En se concentrant sur la façon dont la maladie, la santé et la recherche vaccinale prennent des formes, des significations et des interprétations différentes dans des contextes variés, nous examinons l’utilisation de la rhétorique pour recruter des personnes vivant avec le VIH en Afrique subsaharienne dans le cadre d’un essai clinique d’un vaccin contre Ebola. L’urgence, la pertinence et la matérialité des maladies, de la santé et de la recherche biomédicale prennent des formes, des significations et des compréhensions différentes en contexte de post épidémie dans un pays non affecté par Ebola. Les limites des initiatives multilatérales visant à remédier aux inégalités en matière de soins de santé associées et d’accès aux médicaments et vaccins essentiels soulignent les tensions créées lorsque ni les chercheurs locaux ni les communautés de patients n’ont été impliqués dans la conception ou la planification de l’essai, et lorsque les pathologies ciblées par des technologies expérimentales ne sont soit pas appropriées pour les personnes qu’elles visent, soit se déploient à l’insu d’un consensus social.

En décryptant le discours métaphorique sur un candidat vaccin Ebola et l’effacement d’une ontologie virale de la technologie hybride dont elle donne lieu, on comprend que le discours du personnel de clinique permet d’instaurer une vérité scientifique au service d’une productivité instrumentale : fabriquer des consentants et recruter des bras à vacciner.

Dans cet article nous montrons que la fermeture de la biomédecine dans un discours ésotérique dénote de la faiblesse de la communication de la science sur ce qu’elle fait réellement et sur les techniques qu’elle produit. Elle traite également de l’échec de l’engagement communautaire dans le domaine des maladies infectieuses émergentes.

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