Remembering Droughts and Abundance: Ecological Memory in the Semi-arid Region of Northeast Brazil
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18357/anthropologica66120242642Mots-clés :
mémoire écologique, temporalité, abondance, durée, sécheresse, semi-aride brésilienRésumé
À Floresta, un village de la région semi-aride du Nordeste brésilien, le passé est considéré comme une époque de plus grande régularité du climat, de plus grande richesse naturelle du biome de la Caatinga et de plus grande solidarité entre les habitants de la zone rurale de la ville. Les souvenirs de certains événements historiques peuvent renvoyer à un « d’antan» dans lequel l’« abondance», malgré les calamités générées par les sécheresses tout au long de l’histoire de l’occupation de ce territoire, est considérée tout de même comme l’un de ses principaux attributs socio-écologiques. Dans le contexte des violentes transformations climatiques de la contemporanéité, l’analyse des actions de la mémoire sociale et collective parmi les habitants les plus âgés de la région semi-aride brésilienne sera une manière de questionner ethnographiquement l’histoire des sécheresses à laquelle toute l’écologie de cette région a été réduite par l’historiographie et la littérature nationale. L’analyse sera aussi une manière de questionner la centralité humaine de la mémoire moderne ; centralité qui est encore aujourd’hui un paradigme théorique déterminant des études de la mémoire sociale et culturelle en anthropologie. À cette fin, les mémoires de la sécheresse et de l’abondance seront articulées au concept de « durée » du philosophe français Henri Bergson, dans le but de penser la durée du temps et de la mémoire comme une manière écologique de vivre le passé, le présent et l’avenir.
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