Politics of HIV Vaccine Research from International to Global Health

Pierre-Marie David

doi:10.18357/anthropologica66120242637

Auteurs-es

Pierre-Marie David Université de Montréal

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18357/anthropologica66120242637

Mots-clés :

VIH, vaccin, santé globale, Organisation mondiale de la santé, aides, recherche

Résumé

Paradoxalement, l’absence d’un vaccin contre le VIH a été très structurante pour les logiques vaccinales mondiales et la recherche sur la « santé mondiale», plus largement. La recherche sur un vaccin contre le VIH a oscillé entre optimisme et pessimisme, et se place au centre de la justification humaniste de la recherche dans les pays du Sud. Depuis la tentative de l’Unité de développement des vaccins (VAD) contre le sida de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé de devenir le centre d’un effort de coordination « international », jusqu’au travail diplomatique lié à la recherche sur le VIH en Thaïlande, je décris les contextes politiques et les relations de pouvoir postcoloniales liés à la recherche sur un vaccin contre le VIH. Je soutiens que l’échec de la coordination « internationale » a ouvert la voie à une nouvelle politisation de la recherche mondiale sur le vaccin contre le VIH, qui a conduit à l’abandon de la diplomatie inter-étatique au profit d’une situation « sans État », dans laquelle les logiques vaccinales mondiales contribuent au développement d’un régime expérimental. Celui-ci repose sur la captation des ressources publiques et la disponibilité de sujets biologiques dépolitisés à des fins de valorisation privée.

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Références

Brown, Phyllida. 1993. Controversial AIDS vaccine to be tested in China. The New Scientist, 29 May. https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13818750-900-controversial-aids-vaccine-to-be-tested-in-china/.

Brown, Theodore M., Marcos Cueto, and Elizabeth Fee. 2006. “The World Health Organization and the Transition From ‘International’ to ‘Global’ Public Health.” American Journal of Public Health 96 (1): 62–72. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831

Burton, Dennis R., Ronald C. Desrosiers, Robert W. Doms, Mark B. Feinberg, Robert C. Gallo, Beatrice Hahn, James A. Hoxie, et al. 2004. “A Sound Rationale Needed for Phase III HIV-1 Vaccine Trials.” Science 303 (5656): 316–316. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094620. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094620

Cohen, Jon. 2009. “Unrevealed Analysis Weakens Claim of AIDS Vaccine.” Science Vol. 5, 5 October. https://www.science.org/content/article/unrevealed-analysis-weakens-claim-aids-vaccine-success.

——. 2001. Shots in the Dark: The Wayward Search for the AIDS Vaccine. New York: WW Norton and Co.

Crane, Johanna T. 2011. “Viral Cartographies: Mapping the Molecular Politics of Global HIV.” BioSocieties 6 (2): 142–166. https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2010.37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/biosoc.2010.37

Excler, Jean-Louis. 2003. “HIV Vaccine Development in Asia.” Journal of Health Management 5 (2): 327–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/097206340300500213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/097206340300500213

Fordham, Graham. 2014. HIV/AIDS and the Social Consequences of Untamed Biomedicine: Anthropological Complicities. New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757292

Heyward, W. L., S. Osmanov, J. Saba, J. Esparza, E. Belsey, R. Stoneburner, J. Kaldor, and P.G. Smith. 1994. “Preparation for Phase III HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials: Methods for the Determination of HIV Incidence.” AIDS (London, England) 8 (9): 1285–1291. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199409000-00011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199409000-00011

Heyward, William L., Saladin Osmanov, and Jose Esparza. 1996. “Establishment of WHO-Sponsored Field Sites for HIV Vaccine Evaluation in Developing Countries.” Development and Applications of Vaccines and Gene Therapy in AIDS 48:139–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000425169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000425169

Kingori, Patricia, and Salla Sariola. 2015. “Museum of Failed HIV Research.” Anthropology and Medicine 22 (3): 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2015.1079302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13648470.2015.1079302

Klausner, Richard D., Anthony S. Fauci, Lawrence Corey, Gary J. Nabel, Helene Gayle, Seth Berkley, Barton F. Haynes, et al. 2003. “Enhanced: The Need for a Global HIV Vaccine Enterprise.” Science 300 (5628): 2036–2039. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1086916

Martin, Richard. n.d. “Testing the First AIDS Vaccine.” Wired, 1 January. https://www.wired.com/2003/01/aids/.

McNeil, John G., Margaret I. Johnston, Deborah L. Birx, and Edmund C. Tramont. 2004. “HIV Vaccine Trial Justified.” Science 303 (5660): 961–961. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1096161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1096161

Meinert, Lotte, and Susan Reynolds Whyte. 2014. “Epidemic Projectification: AIDS Responses in Uganda as Event and Process.” The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 32 (1): 77–94. https://doi.org/10.3167/ca.2014.320107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3167/ca.2014.320107

Moore, J., and R. Anderson. 1994. “The WHO and Why of HIV Vaccine Trials.” Nature 372 (6504): 313–314. https://doi.org/10.1038/372313a0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/372313a0

Moulin, A.-M. 1996. L’aventure de la vaccination. Paris: Fayard.

Nguyen, V K. 2009. “Government-by-Exception: Enrolment and Experimentality in Mass HIV Treatment Programmes in Africa.” Social Theory and Health 7 (3): 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2009.12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/sth.2009.12

NIAID. 1994. “[Meeting Minutes, Meeting of the National Advisory Allergy and Infectious Diseases Council (1994: Bethesda, Maryland)].” http://name.umdl.umich.edu/5571095.0079.046.

Packard, Randall M. 2016. A History of Global Health: Interventions Into the Lives of Other Peoples. Baltimore: JHU Press.

Petryna, Adriana. 2009. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400830824

Rajan, Kaushik Sunder. 2017. Pharmocracy: Value, Politics, and Knowledge in Global Biomedicine. Durham: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv113173k

Rees, T. 2014. Humanity/plan; or, on the” stateless” today (also being an anthropology of global health). Cultural Anthropology, 29(3), 457-478. https://doi.org/10.14506/ca29.3.02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14506/ca29.3.02

Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungwal J, Chiu J, Paris R, Premsri N, Namwat C, de Souza M, Adams E, Benenson M, Gurunathan S, Tartaglia J, McNeil JG, Francis DP, Stablein D, Birx DL, Chunsuttiwat S, Khamboonruang C, Thongcharoen P, Robb ML, Michael NL, Kunasol P, Kim JH; MOPH-TAVEG Investigators. 2009. Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(23), 2209-2220. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0908492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0908492

Rottenburg, Richard. 2009. “Social and Public Experiments and New Figurations of Science and Politics in Postcolonial Africa1.” Postcolonial Studies 12 (4): 423–440. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790903350666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13688790903350666

Thomas, Patricia. 2001. Big Shot Passion, Politics, and the Struggle for an AIDS Vaccine. New York: PublicAffairs.

WHO. 1992. “GPA Archive.” GPA 698.

——. 1994. “GPA Archive.” GPA 699.

——. 1995. “GPA Archive.” GPA 697.