Pastor, Politician, Entrepreneur, Chief: Power and Leadership on Epoon Atoll Today
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.2018-0015Mots-clés :
Hiérarchie, pouvoir, leadership, chefferie, Îles Marshall, Atoll d’EbonRésumé
À travers l’analyse des diverses figures politiques et des différents types de statut à Ebon, un atoll périphérique des Îles Marshall, cet article jette un éclairage sur la manière dont la hiérarchie, l’autorité et le leadership se constituent aujourd’hui. Ce faisant, il affirme la nature contextuelle du pouvoir. Aujourd’hui, aucun leader n'est tout puissant à Ebon en ce sens que son influence s’étendrait à toutes les sphères politiques et culturelles. L’étude critique des représentations historiques des chefs marshallais montre clairement que les conceptions antérieures des chefs comme figures de pouvoir autocratique ont pu profiter à l’administration coloniale allemande et aux missionnaires protestants. En déplaçant la focale sur la dynamique des pratiques contemporaines de leadership, le cas d’un naufragé salvadorien met en lumière le jeu de pouvoir auquel se livrent différents acteurs afin d’avoir accès à son bateau. Nous verrons ainsi que l’effectivité du pouvoir dépend fortement du contexte.
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