A Performative Approach to Urban Informality: Learning from Mexico City and Rio de Janeiro
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.2018-0011Mots-clés :
informalité urbaine, habitat, incertitude, précarisation, citoyenneté, Mexico, Rio de JaneiroRésumé
Au vu des exclusions perpétuées dans et par la gouvernance, la planification et le développement urbains selon la dichotomie formel/informel, je soutiens que l’informel doit être conçu comme un signifiant socialement ancré et incarné. Ainsi, j’élabore une approche performative de l’informalité urbaine à partir d’approches récentes visant à surmonter cette dichotomie. J’envisage l’informel comme une orientation méthodologique qui permet de repenser les relations de pouvoir inhérentes à l’habitat et au logement confiné. Adoptant un mode d’apprentissage transnational et réciproque, j’effectue une « comparaison disjonctive » (Lazar 2012) entre les zones périurbaines de Mexico et Rio de Janeiro. L’article s’appuie sur des données ethnographiques pour mettre en lumière l’intégration active des populations aisées dans la performance de l’informel. Il démontre en outre que l’informel, en tant que signifiant socialement ancré et parfois même stratégiquement approprié, contribue à l’aggravation de la précarité et à la normalisation de l’incertitude comme forme de gouvernance en Amérique latine urbaine.
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