Good Dances Make Good Guests: Dance, Animation and Sovereign Assertion in ‘Amis Country, Taiwan
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth-2019-0030Mots-clés :
animation, autochtonie, multiculturalisme, souveraineté, danse, TaiwanRésumé
Dans le contexte du multiculturalisme officiel et de la promotion du tourisme comme moyen d’améliorer les perspectives économiques des populations autochtones taïwanaises, les danses rituelles des Amis / Pangcah, connues sous le nom de malikoda, sont devenues des lieux de conflit atour de la justesse et de l’exécution des rituels. Bien que les malikoda, en tant que pratiques participatives, ne puissent jamais être exécutées devant un public, elles servent de médiateurs pour les forces extérieures, y compris, mais sans s’y limiter, les esprits ancestraux et les figures politiques. Or, la question de savoir si et comment les forces extérieures aux communautés Amis peuvent exécuter la malikoda reste sujette à débat. La malikoda anime un modèle de souveraineté autochtone capable d’intégrer avec souplesse les forces extérieures qui empiètent sur les communautés Amis. Néanmoins, les conditions du succès de la malikoda sont relativement instables. Pour remédier à cette instabilité, les Amis s’appuient sur une combinaison de discours patrimoniaux et de discours locaux qui définissent la danse comme un acte d’hospitalité. Ces deux types de discours nécessitent l’alignement, à des échelles multiples, de divers acteurs, supports et interprétations, souvent d’une manière qui fait obstacle à l’interprétation. Ainsi, l’attention portée à la malikoda met en évidence la façon dont les peuples autochtones investissent l’autochtonie comme ressource culturelle dans le cadre du multiculturalisme, et soulève des questions plus larges sur le rôle de l’animation dans l’affirmation de la souveraineté.
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