The Two Lives of Sara Baartman: Gender, “Race,” Politics and the Historiography of Mis/Representation
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.60.1.a05Mots-clés :
racisme, sexualité, Afrique du sud, histoire de l'anthropologie, anti-racismeRésumé
L'histoire de Sara Baartman, la dénommée Vénus de Hottentot qui a été exposée à Londres et à Paris au début du dix-neuvième siècle, fait partie de la longue histoire du racisme scientifique. Dans les années précédant et suivant son retour en Afrique du sud du Museum à Paris où son cerveau et ses parties génitales étaient gardés, son histoire a été racontée maintes et maintes fois par des chercheurs blancs antiracistes (principalement des hommes), des activistes panafricains et antiapartheid, incluant de nombreux féministes, des chercheurs African-Américains, et des chercheurs qui revendiquent un statut ethnique particulier au sein de la Nation arc-en-ciel. Une grande controverse existe quant au droit de raconter l'histoire de Sara Baartman et de montrer ou non les images qui l'accompagnent. Nous tentons d'expliquer ici pourquoi il en est ainsi.
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