“Looking Out for Each Other”: Street-Involved Youth's Perspectives on Friendship
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.60.1.a04Mots-clés :
Jeunes de la rue, amitié, itinérance, résilience, néolibéralisme, CanadaRésumé
Dans le discours public, les amitiés entre jeunes de la rue sont souvent considérées comme des sources de comportement délinquant ou de comportement à risque. Sur la base d'entrevues menées avec des jeunes de la rue à Victoria (Colombie-Britannique), les auteurs explorent comment les jeunes conçoivent leurs amitiés. Leur analyse suggère que les jeunes interviewés se sont créé un « refuge relationnel », à savoir un espace social et un chez-soi métaphorique constitués à travers la confiance, la proximité et le partage d'émotions et de ressources. L'étude met en lumière la façon dont les amitiés peuvent compenser certains aspects néfastes de la vie de rue pour les jeunes, en favorisant des formes et des pratiques collectives de réciprocité, d'acceptation et de collaboration généralisées.
Téléchargements
Références
Amichai-Hamburger, Yair, Mila Kingsbury, and Barry Schneider. 2013. “Friendship: An Old Concept with a New Meaning?” Computers in Human Behavior 29(1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.025
Amit-Talai, Vered. 1995. “The Waltz of Sociability: Intimacy, Dislocation and Friendship in a Quebec High School. In Youth Culture: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, ed. Vered Amit-Talai and Helena Wulff, 144–165. London: Routledge
Amyot, Sarah. 2013. “Toward a Community Benefit Model of Procurement in Community Services.” Community Social Planning Council, February. http://www.communitycouncil.ca/sites/default/files/CSPC_Report_Community_Benefit_Procurement_model_2013January.pdf
Aptekar, Lewis. 1988. Street Children of Cali. Durham, NC: Duke University Press
Aptekar, Lewis, and Paola Heinonen. 2003. “Methodological Implications of Contextual Diversity in Research on Street Children.” Children, Youth and Environments 13(1): 202–219
Aptekar, Lewis, and Daniel Stoecklin. 2014. Street Children and Homeless Youth. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-94-007-7356-1_3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7356-1
Beazley, Harriot. 2002. “‘Vagrants Wearing Makeup': Negotiating Space on the Streets of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.” Urban Studies [Edinburgh, Scotland] 39(9): 1665–1687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980220151718
Beazley, Harriot. 2003. “The Construction and Protection of Individual and Collective Identities by Street Children and Youth in Indonesia.” Children, Youth and Environments 13(1): 105–133
Bernard, H. Russell, and Gery Ryan. 1998. “Text Analysis: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.” In Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, ed. H. Russell Bernard, 595–645. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press
Bucholtz, Mary. 2002. “Youth and Cultural Practice.” Annual Review of Anthropology 31(1): 525–552. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.31.040402.085443
Burr, Rachel. 2006. Vietnam's Children in a Changing World. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
Carrol, William K., and William Little. 2001. “Neoliberal Transformation and Antiglobalization Politics in Canada: Transition, Consolidation, Resistance.” International Journal of Political Economy 31(3): 33–66
Cleverley, Bill. 2014. “Victoria Councillor Wants to Make Affordable-Housing Mandatory.” Times Colonist, 22 December. “http://www.timescolonist.com/news/local/victoria-councillor-wants-to-make-affordable-housing-mandatory-1.1693848#sthash.5QcVa0CE.dpuf
Dolson, Mark S. 2015a. “By Sleight of Neoliberal Logics: Street Youth, Workfare, and the Everyday Tactics of Survival in London, Ontario, Canada.” City & Society 27(2): 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12056
Dolson, Mark S. 2015b. “Trauma, Workfare and the Social Contingency of Precarity and Its Sufferings: The Story of Marius, A Street-Youth.” Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 39(1): 134–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-014-9409-4
Downe, Pamela. 2001. “How Children Create Identities of Self in Anthropological Research.” Anthropologica 43(2): 165–177
Ennew, Judith. 1994. “Parentless Friends: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Networks among Street Children and Street Youth.” In Social Networks and Social Support in Childhood and Adolescence, ed. Frank Nestmann and Klaus Hurrelmann, 409–426. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110866377.409
Evans, Gillian. 2010. “The Value of Friendship: Subject/Object Transformations in the Economy of Becoming a Person (Bermondsey, Southeast London).” In The Ways of Friendship: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Amit Desai and Evan Killick, 174–195. New York: Bergahn Books
Finkelstein, Marni. 2005. With No Direction Home: Homeless Youth on the Road and in the Streets. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth
Graeber, David. 2004. Fragments of an Anarchist Anthropology. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press
Harvey, David. 2011 [2005]. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Herman, Tamara. 2012. “Out of Sight: Policing Poverty in Victoria Coast and Straits Salish Territories.” Vancouver Island Public Research Group. https://vipirg.ca/news/2017/3/17/out-of-sight-policing-poverty-in-victoria-coast-and-straits-salish-territories
Irish, Tricia. 2008. “A Youth Housing Study for BC's Capital Region.” Community Council, July. http://www.communitycouncil.ca/sites/default/files/Youth-Housing-Report-7-24-2008.pdf.
James, Allison. 2007. “Giving Voice to Children's Voices: Practices and Problems, Pitfalls and Potentials.” American Anthropologist 109(2): 261–272. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2007.109.2.261
Johnson, Kurt D., Les B. Whitbeck, and Dan R. Hoyt. 2005. “Predictors of Social Network Composition among Homeless and Runaway Adolescents.” Journal of Adolescence 28(2): 231–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.005
Karabanow, Jeff. 2004. Being Young and Homeless: Understanding How Youth Enter and Exit Street Life. New York: Peter Lang
Karabanow, Jeff, Jean Hughes, Jann Ticknor, Sean Kidd, and Dorothy Patterson. 2010. “The Economics of Being Young and Poor: How Homeless Youth Survive in Neo-liberal Times.” Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare 37(4): 39–63
Kelly, Peter. 2001. “The Post-Welfare State and the Government of Youth At-Risk.” Social Justice [San Francisco, CA] 28(4): 96–113
Killick, Evan, and Amit Desai. 2010. “Introduction: Valuing Friendship.” In The Ways of Friendship: Anthropological Perspectives, ed. Amit Desai and Evan Killick, 1–19. New York: Berghahn Books
Klodawsky, Fran, Tim Aubry, and Susan Farrell. 2006. “Care and the Lives of Homeless Youth in Neoliberal Times in Canada.” Gender, Place and Culture 13(4): 419–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690600808577
Kovats-Bernat, J. Christopher. 2006. Sleeping Rough in Port-au-Prince: An Ethnography of Street Children & Violence in Haiti. Gainesville: University Press of Florida
Lazzarato, Maurizio. 2012. The Making of the Indebted Man: An Essay on the Neoliberal Condition. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
Lesko, Nancy. 1996. “Denaturalizing Adolescence: The Politics of Contemporary Representations.” Youth & Society 28(2): 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X96028002001
Little, Margaret, and Lynne Marks. 2010. “Ontario and British Columbia Welfare Policy: Variants on a Neoliberal Theme.” Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 30(2): 192–203. https://doi.org/10.1215/1089201X-2010-004
Margaretten, Emily. 2011. “Standing (K)in: Street Youth and Street Relatedness in South Africa.” City & Society 23(S1): 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-744X.2011.01055.x
Márquez, Patricia C. 1999. The Street Is My Home: Youth and Violence in Caracas. Stanford: Stanford University Press
Mauss, Marcel. 2011 [1954]. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. Mansfield Center, CT: Martino Publishing
McBride, Stephen, and Kathleen McNutt. 2007. “Devolution and Neoliberalism in the Canadian Welfare State: Ideology, National and International Conditioning Frameworks and Policy Change in British Columbia.” Global Social Policy 7(2): 177–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018107078161
McCarthy, Bill, Diane Felmlee, and John Hagan. 2004. “Girl Friends Are Better: Gender, Friends, and Crime among School and Street Youth.” Criminology 42(4): 805–836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00537.x
Mitchell, Lisa, and Marion Selfridge. 2017. “‘Because That's What We Do … We Sit and We Drink and We Talk': Stories and Storytelling among Street-Involved Youth.” Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 9(2): 21
Mizen, Phillip, and Yaw Ofosu-Kusi. 2010. “Asking, Giving, Receiving: Friendship as Survival Strategy among Accra's Street Children.” Childhood 17(4): 441–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568209350511
O'Connor, Gordon. 2012. “Social Profiling in Victoria: What's Wrong with This Picture?” Rabble.ca, March 7. http://rabble.ca/news/2012/03/social-profiling-victoria-whats-wrong-picture
O'Grady, Bill, Stephen Gaetz, and Kristy Buccieri. 2013. “Policing Street Youth in Toronto.” In Youth Homelessness in Canada: Implications for Policy and Practice, ed. Stephen Gaetz, Bill O'Grady, Kristy Buccieri, Jeff Karabanow, and Allyson Marsolais, 335–352. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Homelessness Research Network Press
Perkins, Kathleen. 2009. “Meaning and Substance in the Garden City: Talking to Street-Involved Youth about Drug Use in Victoria BC.” MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria
Rice, Eric. 2010. “The Positive Role of Social Networks and Social Networking Technology in the Condom-Using Behaviors of Homeless Young People.” Public Health Reports [Washington, DC] 125(4): 588–595. https://doi.org/10.1177/003335491012500414
Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, and Daniel Hoffman. 1998. “Brazilian Apartheid: Street Kids and the Struggle for Urban Space.” In Small Wars: The Cultural Politics of Childhood, ed. Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Carolyn Sargent, 352–388. Berkeley: University of California Press
Stablein, Timothy. 2011. “Helping Friends and the Homeless Milieu: Social Capital and the Utility of Street Peers.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 40(3): 290–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241610390365
Tyler, Kimberly A., and Lisa A. Melander. 2011. “A Qualitative Study of the Formation and Composition of Social Networks among Homeless Youth.” Journal of Research on Adolescence 21(4): 802–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2011.00739.x
Victoria Coalition Against Poverty. 2011. The Peoples' Plan for Pandora: Speaking with the Street Community Members Who Reside and/or Spend Time on the Pandora 900-Block. http://vcapvictoria.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/peoples-plan-survey-results-report.pdf
Visano, L. 1990. “The Socialization of Street Children: The Development and Transformation of Identities.” Sociological Studies of Child Development 3: 139–161
Werdal, Thayne. 2013. “‘When You're Homeless Your Friends Are Like Your Home': Street-Involved Youth Friendships in Victoria, Canada.” MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria
Wingert, Susan, Nancy Higgitt, and Janice Ristock. 2005. “Voices from the Margins: Understanding Street Youth in Winnipeg.” Canadian Journal of Urban Research 14(1): 54–80
Winkler-Reid, Sarah. 2015. “Friendship, Bitching, and the Making of Ethical Selves: What It Means to Be a Good Friend among Girls in a London School.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 22(1): 166–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12339
Wolseth, Jon. 2013. Life on the Malecón: Children and Youth on the Streets of Santo Domingo. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press
Téléchargements
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
Les auteurs qui collaborent avec Anthropologica consentent à publier leurs articles sous la licence Creative Commons Attribution – Utilisation non commerciale 4.0 – International. Cette licence permet à quiconque de partager l’œuvre (reproduire, distribuer et communiquer) et de l’adapter à des fins non commerciales pourvu que l’œuvre soit adéquatement attribuée à son auteur et qu’en cas de réutilisation ou de distribution, les termes de cette licence soient clairement énoncés.
Les auteurs conservent leurs droits d’auteur et accordent à la revue le droit de première publication.
Les auteurs peuvent également conclure des ententes contractuelles additionnelles et séparées pour la diffusion non exclusive de la version de l’œuvre publiée par la revue (par ex. : l’affichage dans un dépôt institutionnel ou la parution dans un livre) qui devra être accompagnée d’une mention reconnaissant sa publication initiale dans cette revue.