Property as Sharing: A Reflection on the Nature of Land Ownership among the Cree of Eeyou Istchee after the “Paix des Braves”
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.60.1.t08Mots-clés :
Cris de la Baie James, territorialités autochtones, Canada, ententes territoriales, gestion des ressources naturelles, territoires de chasse familiauxRésumé
Depuis la signature de « Paix des Braves » ; une entente signée en 2002 entre les Cris, Hydro-Québec et les autorités provinciales ; les Cris traversent une nouvelle vague de changements. Alors que cette entente a entériné la construction du complexe hydroélectrique Eastmain-Rupert, elle a assuré aux Cris une plus grande intégration dans le développement des ressources. Essentiels à la mise en œuvre de ce nouveau partenariat, les territoires de chasse familiaux cris se voient réinvestis d'un rôle et d'un sens renouvelé, les chefs de chasses (ici appelés tallymen) se muant en entrepreneurs. En posant un regard analytique sur le débat concernant la nature même de ce modèle foncier, cet article vise à décrire les enchevêtrements complexes provoqués par ces pressions à la privatisation des territoires cris. Ce faisant, je démontre comment ces relations de propriété se voient réinvesties par les Cris afin de mieux se conformer à leur propre modèle territorial, dans lequel le partage reste primordial.
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