“Nothing about Us without Us”: Sex Workers’ Informal Political Practices in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3138/anth.2018-0055.r2Abstract
How do vulnerable populations engage with politics? And what does politics mean to them? Building on four months of ethnographic fieldwork and 15 semistructured interviews with sex workers in Kropyvnyts’kyi, Ukraine, I show how informal political practices are employed by marginalised groups like sex workers to promote their agenda of the normalisation of sex work. Examining sex workers’ activism in Ukraine through empowerment strategies and resistance politics, I enquire about formal and informal political strategies that sex workers resort to, how these strategies are used, and whether informal political practices can lead to the community’s empowerment. With a focus primarily on street sex workers who are engaged in community organisation, I show how a controversial topic such as sex can be utilised by sex workers to attract attention to their marginalised situation and politicise their activism. Complicating the discussion of politics and political participation by viewing it through the lens of feminist anthropology, this paper attempts to contribute to the discussion about women’s empowerment and to expand the category of “political practice” and “political activism.” This paper concludes that Kropyvnyts’kyi sex workers often resort to small-scale political tactics in order to probe the limits of political possibility.
Downloads
References
Agustín, Laura María. 2007. Sex at the Margins: Migration, Labour Markets and the Rescue Industry. London: Zed Books.
Bar-On, Arnon. 1999. “Social Work and the ‘Missionary Zeal to Whip the Heathen along the Path of Righteousness.’” The British Journal of Social Work 29(1): 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011440.
Brooks, Abigail. 2007. “Feminist Standpoint Epistemology: Building Knowledge and Empowerment through Women’s Lived Experience.” In Feminist Research Practice, edited by S. N. Hesse-Biber and P. L. Leavy, 53–82. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Channell-Justice, Emily S. 2017. “ ‘We’re Not Just Sandwiches’: Europe, Nation, and Feminist (Im)possibilities on Ukraine’s Maidan.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 42(3): 717–741. https://doi.org/10.1086/689639.
Du Bois, W. E. B. 1996 [1903]. The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Modern Library.
Forsyth, Jillian. 2018. “Samizdat (USSR).” In The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, edited by A. Ledeneva, 350–353. London: UCL Press.
Graham, Mekada. J. 1999. “The African-Centred Worldview: Developing a Paradigm for Social Work.” British Journal of Social Work 29(2): 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a011445.
Hanchard, Michael George. 2006. Party/Politics: Horizons in Black Political Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Humphrey, Caroline. 2002. The Unmaking of Soviet Life: Everyday Economies after Socialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Majic, Samantha. 2014. “Participation despite the Odds: Examining Sex Workers’ Political Engagement.” New Political Science 36(1): 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/07393148.2013.859901.
McLaughlin, Kenneth. 2016. Empowerment: A Critique. London: Routledge.
Ortner, Sherry B. 1972. “Is Female to Male as Nature Is to Culture?” Feminist Studies 1(2): 5–31. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177638.
———. 1995. “Resistance and the Problem of Ethnographic Refusal.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 37(1): 173– 193. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500019587.
Phillips, Sarah D. 2014. “The Women’s Squad in Ukraine’s Protests: Feminism, Nationalism, and Militarism on the Maidan.” American Ethnologist 41(3): 414–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12093.
Polese, Abel. 2014. “Informal Payments in Ukrainian Hospitals: On the Boundary between Informal Payments, Gifts, and Bribes.” Anthropological Forum 24(4): 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2014.953445.
———. 2016. Limits of a Post-Soviet State: How Informality Replaces, Renegotiates, and Reshapes Governance in Post-Soviet Ukraine. Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag.
Rosaldo, Michelle Z. 1980. “The Use and Abuse of Anthropology: Reflections on Feminism and Cross-Cultural Understanding.” Signs 5(3): 389–417. https://doi.org/10.1086/493727.
Rubchak, Marian J. 2011. Mapping Difference: The Many Faces of Women in Contemporary Ukraine. New York: Berghahn Books.
Sanders, Teela, Maggie O’Neill, and Jane Pitcher. 2009. Prostitution: Sex Work, Policy and Politics. London: Sage.
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
———. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Sheksnya, Anastasia. 2018. “Materit’sya.” In The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, edited by A. Ledeneva, 353–357. London: UCL Press.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by C. Nelson and L. Grossberg, 271–313. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Strathern, Marilyn. 2016. Before and after Gender: Sexual Mythologies of Everyday Life. Chicago: Hau Books.
Taylor, James. 2018. “Magnitizdat.” In The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, edited by A. Ledeneva, 342–346. London: UCL Press.
Wedeen, Lisa. 1999. Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Williams, Colin, and Álvaro Martínez. 2014. “Explaining Cross-National Variations in Tax Morality in the European Union: An Exploratory Analysis.” Studies of Transition States and Societies 6(1): 5–18.
Yurchak, Alexei. 2006. Everything Was Forever, Until it Was No More: The Last Soviet Generation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Zhiganets, Fima. 1999. Zhemchuzhiny bosiatskoi rechi [Pearls of the Tramp’s Speech]. Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks.
Zusi, Peter. 2018. “The Unlocking Power of Non-conformity: Cultural Resistance vs Political Opposition.” In The Global Encyclopedia of Informality, edited by A. Ledeneva, 336–339. London: UCL Press.
Downloads
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors contributing to Anthropologica agree to release their articles under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 Unported license. This licence allows anyone to share their work (copy, distribute, transmit) and to adapt it for non-commercial purposes provided that appropriate attribution is given, and that in the event of reuse or distribution, the terms of this license are made clear.
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal right of first publication.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.